Psychology of Gender
Helgeson, Vicki S
Psychology of Gender - 5th ed. - London Routledge 2018 - 747p
includes index and biblioraphy
1 Introduction .....1 Definition of terms .....3 Cultural differences in the construal of gender ....12 Cultures with multiple genders ........12 Morocco ......13 The agta negrito ........14 Tahiti .....15 Status and culture .....15 Philosophical and political issues surrounding gender .....19 The sex difference debate .....19 Social construction of gender .....20 Women`s movements .....21 Men`s movements .....24 A note on sexist language .....25 This book`s approach to the study of gender .....29 Summary ....30 Discussion questions ........30 Suggested reading .....31 Key terms .....31 2 Methods and history of gender research .....36 The scientific method ......37 Correlational study ......38 Experimental study .....40 Field experiment ......43 Cross-sectional versus longitudinal designs .....43 Meta-analysis ....45 Difficulties in conducting reseach on gender .....45 Experimenter effects .......46 Participant effects .....50 The setting: Laboratory versus field .....51 Variables confounded with sex ......52 Situational influences .....52 History of the psychology of gender .......52 1894-1936: Sex differences in intelligence ......55 1936-1954: Mascultinity-femininity as a global personality trait .....56 1954-1982: Sex typing and androgyny ......60 1882-present: Gender as a social category ......64 Summary .....70 Discussion questions .....71 Suggested reading .......71 Key terms .....72 3 Gender-role attitudes .......76 Attitudes toward men`s and women`s roles ........77 Affective component: Sexism .....80 Traditional versus modern sexism .....81 Hostile versus benevolent sexism ....81 Sexism toward men .....85 Attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons .....87 Cognitive component: gender-role stereotyping .......90 What is a gender-role stereotype ....92 Components of gender-role stereotypes .......93 Children`s stereotypes .....97 Subcategories of gender-role stereotypes .......97 Effects of gender-role stereotypes ......98 Altering gender-role stereotypes ....103 Do stereotypes reflect reality .....105 What is the status of stereotypes today? ......107 Behavioral component: Sex discrimination ......110 Summary .......113 Discussion questions .....113 Suggested reading ....113 Key terms .......114 4 Sex-related comparisons: Observations .....121 Maccoby and jacklin`s psychology of sex differences .....123 Meta-analysis ....124 Sex comparisons in cognitive abilities ........127 Spatial ability ......127 Mathematical ability ....132 Verbal ability ......133 Sex comparisons in social domains .......135 Empathy .....136 Helping behavior .....137 Aggression .....138 Sexuality ......143 General personality attributes ......146 Sex comparisons in moral development ..........147 Sex comparisons in social development ........150 Sex similarities hypothesis revisited .......151 Summary .....152 Discussion questions ........153 Suggested reading .........153 Key terms .....153 5 Sex-relted comparisons: Theory ........161 Biology .....162 Genes ....162 Hormones .......163 The brain .......169 Psychobiosocial models .....170 Evolutionary theory and sociobiology ........172 Sexual behavior .....172 Aggression .....173 A final note .....173 Psychoanalytic theory ......174 Social learning theory .........177 Observational learning or moderling .....177 Reinforcement .........180 Gender-role socialization ......181 The influence of parents ........185 The influence of other people .......186 Other features of the environment .......187 Social role theory .........196 Cognitive development theory .........199 Gender schema theory ....203 6 Achievement .....226 7 Communication .....278 8 Friendship ....328 9 Romantic relationships ........377 10 Sex differences in health: Evidence and explanations ......438 11 Relationships and health .....503 12 Paid worker role and health .....572 13 Mental health .......633
9780815366621 1295
O41.4 / H367
Psychology of Gender - 5th ed. - London Routledge 2018 - 747p
includes index and biblioraphy
1 Introduction .....1 Definition of terms .....3 Cultural differences in the construal of gender ....12 Cultures with multiple genders ........12 Morocco ......13 The agta negrito ........14 Tahiti .....15 Status and culture .....15 Philosophical and political issues surrounding gender .....19 The sex difference debate .....19 Social construction of gender .....20 Women`s movements .....21 Men`s movements .....24 A note on sexist language .....25 This book`s approach to the study of gender .....29 Summary ....30 Discussion questions ........30 Suggested reading .....31 Key terms .....31 2 Methods and history of gender research .....36 The scientific method ......37 Correlational study ......38 Experimental study .....40 Field experiment ......43 Cross-sectional versus longitudinal designs .....43 Meta-analysis ....45 Difficulties in conducting reseach on gender .....45 Experimenter effects .......46 Participant effects .....50 The setting: Laboratory versus field .....51 Variables confounded with sex ......52 Situational influences .....52 History of the psychology of gender .......52 1894-1936: Sex differences in intelligence ......55 1936-1954: Mascultinity-femininity as a global personality trait .....56 1954-1982: Sex typing and androgyny ......60 1882-present: Gender as a social category ......64 Summary .....70 Discussion questions .....71 Suggested reading .......71 Key terms .....72 3 Gender-role attitudes .......76 Attitudes toward men`s and women`s roles ........77 Affective component: Sexism .....80 Traditional versus modern sexism .....81 Hostile versus benevolent sexism ....81 Sexism toward men .....85 Attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons .....87 Cognitive component: gender-role stereotyping .......90 What is a gender-role stereotype ....92 Components of gender-role stereotypes .......93 Children`s stereotypes .....97 Subcategories of gender-role stereotypes .......97 Effects of gender-role stereotypes ......98 Altering gender-role stereotypes ....103 Do stereotypes reflect reality .....105 What is the status of stereotypes today? ......107 Behavioral component: Sex discrimination ......110 Summary .......113 Discussion questions .....113 Suggested reading ....113 Key terms .......114 4 Sex-related comparisons: Observations .....121 Maccoby and jacklin`s psychology of sex differences .....123 Meta-analysis ....124 Sex comparisons in cognitive abilities ........127 Spatial ability ......127 Mathematical ability ....132 Verbal ability ......133 Sex comparisons in social domains .......135 Empathy .....136 Helping behavior .....137 Aggression .....138 Sexuality ......143 General personality attributes ......146 Sex comparisons in moral development ..........147 Sex comparisons in social development ........150 Sex similarities hypothesis revisited .......151 Summary .....152 Discussion questions ........153 Suggested reading .........153 Key terms .....153 5 Sex-relted comparisons: Theory ........161 Biology .....162 Genes ....162 Hormones .......163 The brain .......169 Psychobiosocial models .....170 Evolutionary theory and sociobiology ........172 Sexual behavior .....172 Aggression .....173 A final note .....173 Psychoanalytic theory ......174 Social learning theory .........177 Observational learning or moderling .....177 Reinforcement .........180 Gender-role socialization ......181 The influence of parents ........185 The influence of other people .......186 Other features of the environment .......187 Social role theory .........196 Cognitive development theory .........199 Gender schema theory ....203 6 Achievement .....226 7 Communication .....278 8 Friendship ....328 9 Romantic relationships ........377 10 Sex differences in health: Evidence and explanations ......438 11 Relationships and health .....503 12 Paid worker role and health .....572 13 Mental health .......633
9780815366621 1295
O41.4 / H367