Sacred Ecology

includes index and biblioraphy

1 Context of traditional ecological knowledge ...1 Defining traditional ecological knowledge ...3 Traditional ecological knowledge as science ...10 Differences: Philosophical or political ? ...13 Knowledge practice belief: A framework for analysis ...17 Objectives and overview of the volume ...20 2 Traditional knowledge comes to age ...23 Emergence of traditional knowledge internationally ...24 Meanings and significance of traditional knowledge ...32 Cultural and political significance of traditional knowledge ...35 Questions of ownership and intellectual property rights ...40 Practical significance as common heritage of humankind ...42 3 I ntellectual roots of traditional ecological knowledge ...57 Ethnobiology and biosystematics: A good fit ...58 More on linguistics and methodology: How to get the information right ...61 Exaggeration and ethnoscience: The eskimo snow hoax? ...67 Human ecology and territoritoriality ...70 Integration of social systems and natural systems: Importance of worldviews ...75 4 Traditional knowledge systems in practice ...81 Tropical forests: Not amenable to management? ...81 Semi arid areas: Keeping the land productive ...88 Traditional uses of fire ...91 Island ecosystems personal ecosystems ....97 Coastal lagooms and wetlands ...101 Conclusions ...105 5 Cree worldview from the inside ...109 Animals control the hunt ...111 Obligations of hunters to show respect ...115 Importance of continued use for sustainability ...121 Is the cree worldview shared by other indigenous people? ...125 Conclusions ...127 6 A story of caribou and social learning ...131 No one knows the way of the winds and the caribou ...133 Cree knowledge of caribou in context ...136 Caribou return to the land of the chisasibi cree ...141 A gathering of the hunters ...144 Lessons for the development of a conservation ethic ...147 Lessons for management policy and monitoring ...149 7 Cree fishing practices as adaptive management ....155 The chisasibi cree system of fishing ...157 Subarctic ecosystems: Scientific understanding and cree practice ...163 Three cree practices: Reading environmental signals for management ...165 A computer experiment on cree practice and fish population resilience ...168 Traditional knowledge systems as adaptive management ...173 Lessons from fisher knowledge ...175 Conclusions ...176 8 Climate change and indigenous ways of Knowing ...179 Indegenous ways of knowing and new models of community based research ...181 Inuit observations of climate change project ...185 A convergence of findings ...191 Sinificance of local observations and place based research ...194 Indigenous knowledge and adaptive capacity ...197 Conclusions ...199 9 Holism of indigenous knowledge, complex systems, and fuzzy logic ...203 Rules of thumb: Cutting complexirt down to size ...204 Community based monitoring and environmental change ...207 Indigenous knowledge and complex adaptive system ...212 Local knowledge and expert systems ...216 A Fuzzy logic analysis of indigenous knowledge ...219 Conclusions ...223 10 How local and traditional knowledge deveiops ...227 A framework for development of local and traditional knowledge ...228 Case 1: Mangrove conservation and charcoal makers ...232 Case 2: Dominican sawyers: developing private stewardship ...234 Case 3: Cultivating sea moss in st.lucia ...236 Case 4: Restoring edible sea urchin resources ...238 Lessons from local knowledge cases ...240 Local vs traditional: Orgins and the time dimension ...242 Institutions and knowledge development ...246 Conclusions ...247 11 Indigenous knowledge in context: Myths, worldviews contemporary applications ...249 The exotic other: Limitations of indigenous knowledge ...251 The intruding wastrel: Invaders vs native ...252 Noble /savage/fallem angel: Indigenous conservation? ...256 12 Towards a unity of mind and nature ....275