Philosophy The Basic Issues

includes index and biblioraphy

Introduction: Philosophy and the Study of Philosophy ONE BELIEF AND KNOWLEDGE Peter Unger A Defense of Skepticism John Hospers A Critique of Skepticism Charles Sanders Peirce The Fixation of Belief W. K. Clifford The Ethics of Belief William James The Will to Believe Study Questions Further Readings TWO SCIENCE, COMMON SENSE, AND THE WORLD 67 Sir Arthur Eddington Two Tables 70 L. Susan Stebbing "Furniture of the Earth" 73 W. T. Stace Science and the Physical World 82 C. H. Whiteley Physical Objects as Not Reducible to Perceptions Study Questions Further Readings THREE FREEDOM, DETERMINISM, AND RESPONSIBILITY Robert Blatchford The Delusion of Free Will W. T. Stace The Problem of Free Will Richard Taylor Freedom and Determinism John Hospers Free-Will and Psychoanalysis Karl Menninger The Crime of Punishment 136 C.S.Lewis The Humanitarian Theory of Punishment 143 FOUR BODIES, MINDS, AND PERSONS 151 C. E.M. Joad The Mind as Distinct from the Body 156 William S. Robinson Why I Am a Dualist 161 Richard Taylor The Case for Materialism 169 John B. Watson Behaviorism 180 Jerry A. Fodor The Mind-Body Problem 187 Daniel C. Dennett VWiere/iw/? 203 FIVE PERSONS, MACHINES, AND IMMORTALITY 217 Christopher Evans Can a Machine Think? Morton Hunt What the Human Mind Can Do That the Computer Can`t Clarence Darrow The Myth of Immortality C. J. Ducasse 7s Life after Death Possible? SIX THE EXISTENCE OF GOD E. K. Daniel A Defense of Theism Ernest Nagel The Case for Atheism Bertrand Russell Why I Am Not a Ch ristian T. H. Huxley Agnosticism Antony Flew, R. M. Hare, and Basil Mitchell Theology and Falsification David Hauser A Philosophical Theism: God as Growth SEVEN GOD, FAITH, AND EVIL H. J. McCloskey God and Evil John Hick The Problem of Evil Richard Taylor Faith Richard Robinson Religion, Reason, and Faith Study Questions Further Readings EIGHT MEANING AND EXISTENCE David F. Swenson The Dignity of Human Life Kurt Baier The Meaning of Life Leo Tolstoy My Confession Jean-Paul Sartre Existentialism NINE MORAL VALUES: GROUNDS AND NORMS 407 Harry Browne The Morality Trap 411 James Rachels Egoism and Moral Skepticism 420 J.J.C. Smart A Defense of Utilitarianism 429 Arthur C. Ewing A Critique of Utilitarianism 437 Kurt Baier The Moral Point of View 446 Alasdair Maclntyre Virtue Ethics 455 Kai Nielsen God and the Good 462 Robert Merrihew Adams A Modified Divine Command Theory of Ethical Wrongness 468 TEN ETHICAL JUDGMENTS Bertrand Russell Science and Ethics Brand Blanshard The New Subjectivism in Ethics Ruth Benedict Anthropology and the Abnormal W. T. Stace Ethical Relativism ELEVEN THE STATE AND SOCIETY Charles Frankel Why Choose Democracy? John Hospers The Libertarian Manifesto Carl Cohen Socialism 535 Michael}. Sandel Morality and the Liberal Ideal 542 TWELVE SCIENCE AND SOCIETY 551 W. T. Stace Man against Darkness 554 Herbert Spencer The Life Based on Science 564 Jurgen Habermas Technical Progress and the Social Life-World 568 Michel Foucault Knowledge and Power 577