Islam in the Middle Ages The Origins and Shaping of Classical Islamic Civilization

includes index and biblioraphy

1. Muhammad and the Origins of the Islamic 1 Community (Ummah) 1. Arabia on the Eve of Islam 3 2. Muhammad Prophet of Islam: Origins 15 3. The Prophet`s Mission: Mecca 29 4. The Prophet`s Mission: Medina 47 5. The Meccan Response and the Triumph of the Ummah 65 II. The Transformation of the Islamic Ummah 79 6. Succession, Conquest, and Expansion: The Ummah Becomes an "Arab Kingdom" 81 7. The Hashimite Restoration: A Revolution Shaped by 103 Images of an Idealized Past 8. The Split between the Hashimites: `Alids versus Abbasids/ 117 Shi`ites versus Sunnites 9. Centralizing Power: The Rise of a Universal Islamic Empire 10. Emerging Cracks within the Universal Islamic Empire 11. The Changing Political Climate: Heralding the End of the Formative Period of Medieval Islam III. Religious Scholarship and Piety 12. The Qur`an and Its Commentators 13. The Major Themes of Muslim Scripture 14. The Formation of Islamic Law and Legal Tradition 15. The Formation of Different Schools of Islamic Law 16. Islamic Theology and Popular Religion