Images of Jesus Christ in Islam

includes index and biblioraphy

A Sensitive Question 1 The Status of Christology in Christian-Muslim Dialogue 3 Bibliographical Introduction 6 Contributions from the Christian Side and from Western Scholars 7 Contributions from Muslim Contexts 10 Some Methodological Considerations 14 Christ in the Qur`an and in Hadith 19 Christ in the Qur`an 19 Thematic Summary of the Qur`anic References to Christ 20 Thematic Studies of Qur`anic Christology 24 Grammatical Problems, Literary Character and Language Structure 25 The Overall Qur`anic Context 27 Historical Background and External Context 33 Jesus in Hadith 36 Sayings Clarifying the Relation between Muhammad and Jesus 37 Descriptions of Jesus` Appearance 38 Foretelling of the Descent of Jesus in the Eschatological Sayings Attributed to Muhammad 39 Jesus and al-Mahdl 41 Mention of Specific Merits of Jesus 42 Further Similarities to the New Testament Gospels 43 The Understanding of `Gospel` (Injil) 45 Muhammad and Jesus in Hadith and Legend 47 Jesus in Muslim Legend and Qur`anic Exegesis 54 Jesus in Muslim Legend and Storytelling 54 Agrapha (Sayings), in Context 55 The Storytelling Tradition, from Wahb to the `Stories of the Prophets` 57 Jesus in Shi`ite Tradition A Shfite Jesus Jesus in Shi`ite HadTth and Tafsir The Brethren of Purity The Significance of Suffering Jesus in Sufism Sufi Reception of Jesus-Sayings and Jesus-Stories Various Representations of Jesus in Sufism Jesus in Sufi `Moralism` Transgressions of Orthodoxy in Search for Union with God Jesus in the Orthodox Sufism of al-Ghazali Jesus in the Theosophical System of ibn al-`Arab! Jesus in the Poetry and Meditative Discourses of Rumi Jesus in Sufi Tafsir Summarizing Central Features of Sufi Images of Jesus Jesus as the Perfect Man: A Generalizing Concept Jesus as Theophany: A Non-Exclusive Attribute Sainthood and Breath The Spiritual Meaning of the Miracles Suffering, Death, Cross The Mystical Perfection: Muhammad Encounters and Confrontations: Dialogue, Apologetics, Polemics The Role of Christ in Early Intra-Muslim Polemics Christian Apologetics under Muslim Rule Muslim Polemics, Directed towards Submitted Christians The Image of Paul in Early and Medieval Islamic Polemics The Understanding of Jesus` Miracles Muslim Polemical Refutations and Sympathetic Reinterpretations in the Medieval Era The Claim of Tahrif (Falsification of the Scriptures) Benign Reinterpretations Christian Polemics against Islam in the Medieval Era: Enemy Images and Attempts at Understanding Twentieth-Century Tendencies and Discussions 127 Christ in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Muslim Theology: Reinterpretation, Polemics and Dialogue 127 Nineteenth-Century Beginnings: India 128 The Christology of the Ahmadiyya Movement 129 The Barnabas Argument 132 Twentieth-Century Egyptian Theology: al-Manar and al-Azhar 144 Twentieth-Century Indo-Pakistani Contributions 151 Jesus in Revolutionary Iran 161 Apologetic Writings for a Western Audience 162 Convert Literature 163 Approaches Emerging from Christian-Muslim Dialogue 164 Jesus in Twentieth-Century Muslim Poetry 165 From Miracle to Cross: Jesus in Modern Persian Poetry 166 From Miracle to Cross: Images of Jesus in the Literatures of Pakistan 167 From Miracle to Cross: Modern Arabic Poetry (and Art) 170 From Miracle to Cross: Interpretations 174 Christ in Egyptian Muslim Literature, from 1950 Onwards 175 Christian Contributions 175 Muslim Contributions 176 The Symbol of the Cross: Husayn, `Abd al-Quddus, al-Sabur, al-Nowaihi 176 Christ-Biographies and Christ-Allegories: al-`Aqqad, al-Sahhar, `Uthman, Mahfuz 183 Christ and Muhammad: Khalid Muhammad Khalid 193 Christ, Muhammad and Human Conscience: al-cAqqad, `Uthman, Husayn, Khalid 198 Issues of Dialogue 221 Why Christology? 221 Jesus and Muhammad 222 Historical Jesus, Historical Muhammad 224 Christ of Faith, Muhammad of Faith 228 Christology, Anthropology, Theology 233 Rethinking Christology