Proclaiming the Gospel: First-Century Performance of Mark

includes index and biblioraphy

Introduction 1 Some Conclusions 4 Sources 5 Oral Performance in the Ancient World 11 Literacy in the Ancient Mediterranean World 11 Cost and Availability of Books 13 The Preference for Oral Delivery 14 Writing by Dictation 16 High Valuation on Oral Performance in the Ancient World 16 Competitive Nature of Ancient Oral Performance 19 Authority of the Speaker 23 Audience Specificity 26 Types of Oral Performance 37 Private Readings 3 7 Public Readings 39 Storytelling 41 Novels 41 Drama 42 Pantomime 42 Poetry 43 Epic 44 Reading in Worship 44 Scriptural Chant 45 Early Christian Speaking Styles 46 The Social Setting for a Gospel Performance 47 The Physical Setting for a Gospel Performance 49 Emotion 57 On the Artistic Description of Emotion 58 "Longinus" on Emotion 59 Emotion in Rhetoric 63 Emotional Appeals in Philosophical Discourse 67 Explicit Emotions in the Text of Mark 68 Hints from the Handbooks on the Interpretation of Specific Passages 69 Peculiarly Christian Uses of Emotion 71 Adapting to the Emotional Predisposition of the Audience 72 Delivery 77 Emotion and the Voice 79 Delivery and Emotion 81 Reading, Speaking, and Acting 83 Delivery in School 85 Popular Style 87 The Delivery of Mark 89 Stereotyped Characters 90 Voices and Dialogue 92 Variation in Delivery 93 Narrative Speed 93 Imitative Sound Effects 95 Memorization 103 Memory Ability in Mediterranean Cultures 104 Memorization Technique 108 Markan Attitude toward Oral Performance 109 Memorization of Mark 112 Memorization Structure 114 Memory Structure of Individual Sections 117 Memorization Structure and the Composition of Mark 121 Gesture and Movement 127 Gestures from the Terence Manuscripts 129 Implied Gestures in the Text of Mark 135 Gestures for Specific Scenes Connecting Passages through Gesture The Audience Audiences at Philosophical Gatherings Audiences at Religious Gatherings Audience Reaction in Early Christian Gatherings Audience Response to Mark Applause Lines Reasons for Applause Sententiae Epigrams in the Gospels Delivery of Epigrams Applause Markers in Mark Applause Marker in Mark 2:15-28 Vocal Effects in the Beginning of Mark Other Applause Points Peter`s Confession Including the Audience Audience Inclusion in Ancient Literature Prologues Direct Address in Mark Audience-Inclusive Dialogue Audience Inclusion and Performance Style Peter`s Confession The Crucifixion The Beginning of the Joyous Proclamation of Jesus, Messiah, Son of God The Ending of the Joyous Proclamation Conclusion