Language

includes index and biblioraphy

The study of Language........3 The use of language............21 Speech-communities.................42 The languages of the world..............57 The phoneme....................74 Types of phonemes.............93 Modifications...................109 Phonetic structure.............127 Meaning.........139 Grammatical forms.............158 Sentence-types................170 Syntax..............184 Morphologic types....................227 Substitution...........247 Form classes and lexicon...................264 Written records.........281 The comparative method.........297 Dialect geography.....321 Phonetic change........346 Pypes of phonetic change......369 Fluctuation in the frequency of forms.....392 Analogic change...........404 Sematic change..................425 cultural borrowing.........................444