Educational Psychology

includes index and biblioraphy

Part 1 Introduction 1. Function of educational psychology ...3 Aspects of education ...3 Contributions of psychology ...6 Research in educational psychology ...10 2. Educational psychology and teaching ...20 Psychological aspects of teaching ...21 Bases of effective teaching ...25 Part II Growth and development 3. The nature of growth and development ...33 The development pattern ...33 Hereditary factors ...35 Nature of human growth ...40 4. Physical growth and development ...51 General characteristics of physical development ...51 Specific growth changes ...55 Environmental influences and physical development ...58 Educational significance of physical development ...60 5. Mental growth and development ...63 Physical bases of mental development ...63 Mental ability and biological inheritance ...67 General aspects of mental development ...71 Individual nature of mental growth ...78 6. Emotional development ...82 Meaning of emotion ...83 Arousal of emotions ...83 Changes in emotional development ...85 Development and control of specific emotions ...88 The functioning of the emotions in life ...97 7. Social development and character formation ...104 The factors of social development ...105 The development of social consciousness ...109 Social development during infancy and early childhood ...109 Social development during later childhood ...117 Social experiences of the adolescent ...124 Education and social development ...132 Part III The learner`s potentialities 8. Intelligence and its measurement ...141 Nature of intelligence ...141 Factors affecting intelligent behavior ...149 Growth of intelligence ...152 Distribution of mental ability ...155 The measurement of intelligence ...159 9. Aptitude and aptitude testing ...169 Interpretation and function of aptitude ...169 Brief survey of measuring techniques ...178 10. Personality traits and their evaluation ...184 The nature of personality ...184 Attempts at explaining personality ...187 Development of personality ...191 Evaluation of personality traits ...196 Appraisal techniques ...198 11. Educational implications of individual differences ...206 Individual differences among learners ...206 Providing for individual differences ...215 Part IV General principles of learning 12. General theories of learning ...225 The learning process ...225 Theories of learning ...229 Aspects of learning ...235 13. Attitudes interests and motivation ...240 Attitudes as affective experiences ...240 Interest as related to learning ...248 The motivation of learning ...252 14. Developing effective study habits ...260 Problems of study ...260 Factors that affect study ...264 Suggestions for lesson preparation ...268 Study habits and scholarship ...273 Study habits that contribute to the efficiency of learning ...279 15. Acquiring motor skills and knowledge ...282 The development of motor skills ...282 Perceptual learning ...292 The development of meaning ...298 Memorizing ...301 16. Reflective and creative thinking ...309 Reflective thinking ...309 Creative thinking ...312 Interpretation of steps in problem solving ...314 17. Importance of transfer of training ...323 Part V evaluation of learner achievement 18.Nature and scope of educational evaluation ...347 19. Techniques of evaluation ...364 20. Simple statistics in education ...383 Part VI Psychology of learning areas 21. Acquiring the tools of comprehension and expression ...407 22. Acquiring mathematical concepts ...438 23. Developing an understanding of the nature and social sciencies ...453 24. The development of appreciation ...470 25. Educating for health and safety ...484 26. Vocational exploration and preparation ...496 Part VII Life adjustments 27. Adjustment of exceptional individuals ...507 28. Behavior drives and adjustment ...535 29. Applying mental hygiene to individual adjustment ...559 Author index ...583 Subject index ...591