Judaism The Evolution of a Faith

includes index and biblioraphy

Introduction. What is judaism? .....1 I. Faith and form .....1 II. Pluralism and evolution ......3 III. The mixed composition of jews ......4 one. Proto-judaism (ca. 2000-400 B.C.E) ....6 1. What is proto-judaism? ......6 II. Theories of origins .....6 A. The apiru (or habiru) .....6 B. The hyksos .....7 c. Biblical traditions .....7 III. A survey of proto-judaism .....8 A. The patriarchal period ......8 1. Introduction ....8 2. Abraham (Abram) .....8 3. Isaac .....9 4. Jacob .....9 B. The mosaic period ....10 1. Introduction ......10 2. Moses .....11 3. The mosaic religion ....12 C. The period of the judges .....13 D. The period of the monarchy .....14 IV. The sacrificial cult .....16 A. Sanctuaries and shrines .....16 B. Sacrifices .....17 V. The sacred days .....19 A. Introduction ......19 B. The new moon (Rosh hodesh) ......19 C. The sabbath (Shabbat) .....20 D. Passover (pesach) .....21 E. The omer day .......21 F. Pen tecost (Shabuot) ....22 G. The first day of the seventh month (Rose Hashanah) .....22 H. The day of atonement (yom Kippur) .....23 I. The festical of booths (Sukkot) .....23 J. The eighth day of assembly (Shemini atzeret) ......24 K. Final comments ....24 VI. The spiritual leaders .....26 A. The priest (Kohen) .....26 B. The prophet (Nabi) .....26 C The sage (Hakam) .....29 Two. Judaism after the babylonian exile (ca.400 B.C.E.-70 C.E.) ......31 1. Introduction: From proto-judaism to judaism .....31 II. Eara .....32 III. Nehemiah ....34 IV. The rise of the synagogue .....35 V. A basic portrait of judaism CA 400 B.C.E .....36 VI. The varieties of judaic religious experience ......38 A. Introduction .....38 B. The wisdom tradition .....41 C. Hellenistic judaism ....44 1. Introduction ....44 2. The maccabean rebellion ....46 3. Hellenism in palestine .....47 4. Hellenism in Alexandria ....48 5. Philo judaeus of Alexandria .....49 D. The apocrypha .....53 1. Definition of apocrypha .....53 2. The book of jubilees ....54 3. Apocalyptic literature .....56 E. The dead sea scrolls .....58 1. Qumran ....58 2. The religion of qumran ....59 F. Samaritanism .....62 G. The rise and separation of christianity .....65 1. Introduction ....65 2. Jesus of Nazareth ....68 3. Paul of tarsus ....76 4. James and christian judaism .....80 5. Jewish and christian liturgy ......84 H. Summary ........85 Three. Rabbinism (Rabbinic Judaism) .....87 I. The formation and evolution of rabbinism .....87 A. The pharisees ....87 B. The sadducees .....89 C. Rabbinism ....90 1. Yohanan ben zakkai .....90 2. Yabneh .....93 II. The institutions and literarure of rabbinism .....96 A. The synagague .....96 B. The scriptural canon ....98 C. The rabbinic literature ....100 1. Targum ....100 2. Midrash .....101 3. Mishnah ....102 4. Tosefta ....104 5. The two talmuds ....104 D Rabbinic leadership in Babylonia ....106 Four. The medieval era I: From diaspora goes forth torah .....110 I. Authoritarianism and dissent .....110 II. Glory and tragedy ....120 III. Christian-jewish relations .....133 Five. The medieval Era II: Philosophy and mysticism ......144 I. Philosophy .....144 II. Pietism, mysticism, and kabalism ......153 III. Pietism and the rise of proto-orthodoxy in eastern europe .....163 Six. Protp-Modernity: Renaissance and reformation .....166 I. Introduction ....166 II. The influence of the renaissance on judaism ....167 III. Holland .....173 IV. The protestant reformation ......177 Seven. The modern and contemporary periods .....188 I. Social, political, economic, and cultural influences ......188 II. The judaic reformation ......196 III. Varieties of traditionalist poopsition to reform .....204 IV. Judaism in morth America .....214 V. Zionism, the holocaust, and the state of israel .....224 Eight. Judism distilled ......232 I. Introduction ......232 II. Theology ......232 III. Ethics ....236 IV. Ritual ......340