Child Development
- 6th ed.
- New Delhi Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd 2016
- 570p
includes index and biblioraphy
1 Scientific studies of child development .......1 Early interest in studying children .......2 Child psychology versus child development ........3 Spurs to studying children ......4 Obstacies to scientific studies of children ......6 Overcoming obstacles to scientific studies of children .....11 How much headway have scientists made ....14 Chapter highlights .....15 Bibliography .......16 2 Principles of development ....21 I. Development involves change .....22 II. Early development is more critical than later development .......25 III. Development is the product of maturation and learning .....27 IV The developmental pattern is predictable .....30 V The developmental pattern has predictable characteristics .....32 VI There are individualdifferences in development ......34 VII. There are periods in the developmental pattern .....36 VIII. There are social expectations for every developmental period .....38 IX. Every areas of development has potential hazards .....40 X. Happiness varies at diofferent periods in development .....40 Chapter highlights .....44 Bibliography .....45 3 Foundations of the developmental pattern .....49 Scientific interest in prenatal development ....50 How life begins ......51 Importance of fertilization .....53 Timetable of prenatal development .....62 Conditions affecting prenatal development .....63 Attitudes of significant people .....63 Hazards during the prenatal period ......67 Chapter highlights .....74 Bibliography ......75 4 Effects of birth on development .....79 Scientific interest in birth ......80 Adjustment to postnatal life .....81 How birth affects postnatal development .....82 Influence of time of birth on development .....85 Level of development present at birth ......86 Hazards associated with birth .....93 Chapter highlights ....102 Bibliography ....103 5 Physical development .....107 Physical growth cycles ......108 Body Size .....110 Body proportions .....113 Bones .....16 Muscles and fat .....116 Teeth ......117 Development of the Nervous system ....118 Puberty changes ....118 Hazards in physical development .....122 Chapter highlights .....132 Bibliography .....133 6 Motor development .....137 Principles of motor development .....136 Sequence of motor development ........141 Motor skills ......143 Some common motor skills of chidhood .....146 Functions of motor skills .....146 Handedness .....149 Hazards in motor development ......150 Chapter highlights .....156 Bibliography .....156 7 Speech development ......161 Meaning of speech ....162 Speech: A tool for communication .....162 Prespeech forms of communication .....163 How children learn to speak ....169 Major tasks in learning to speak .....172 Amount of talking .....174 Content of speech ....176 Hazards in speech development ....177 Chapter highlights ......185 Bibliography .....186 8 Emotional development .......191 Pattern of emotional development .....192 Conditions responsible for emotional development .....194 Characteristics of children`s emotions ......196 Common emotional patterns .....197 Emotional dominance .....208 Emotional balance .....209 Emotional control .....210 Emotional catharsis ....211 Hazards in emotional development .....213 Chapter highlights .......221 Bibliography .....222 9 Social development .....227 Meaning of social development .......228 Social expectations ....230 Importance of early social experiences .....232 The pattern of social development .....234 Beginnings of social behaviour .....235 Social development in early childhood .....237 10 Social adjustments .....259 11 Play development .....289 12 Development of creativity .....323 13 Development of understanding .....353 14 Moral development ......385 15 Some common childhood interests .....419 16 Sex- role development .....455 17 Family relationships .....491 18 Personality development ......523