Science in Society
- New York Palgrave 2005
- 199p
includes index and biblioraphy
EMERGENCE AND INNOVATION An Introduction to Issues and Forebears The Emergence of a Sociology of Science Early Sociological Approaches Three World Wars Thomas Kuhn`s New Historical Approach to Science The New, Radical and Divergent Sociologies of Science The Perspective of This Book: Reflexive Epistemological Diversity 21 The Sociology of Science and Scientific Knowledge Today 21 The Move Towards a Study of Scientific Knowledge Itself 22 Dominant Perspectives within the Contemporary Sociology of Science 23 Internal and External Approaches 26 The Question of Attribution Beyond Appearance: Causes 27 Differences of Focus or Fundamentals: Reductionism, Epistemological Diversity or Epistemological Chicken? 28 Non-paradigm Science or New Reflexive Paradigm? 31 The Value of Diversity 33 Reflexivity, Scepticism and Relativism: Risk, Trust and the Science Wars 33 Risk and Technoscience: The Fusion of Society, Science and Technology Today The Colonization of Technology by Its Own Sub-field, Science Science Is `In` Society Science in Contemporary `Risk` Society? Science in Society THEORETICAL APPROACHES Science and Institutional Interests: The Strong Programme and Beyond Introduction Foundations An Illustrative Case The Experimenter`s Regress: The Achilles` Heel of Science Basic Principles Is the Truth Out There? The Difference Between Oncological and Epistemological Relativism If Social Influences Are Not Intrinsically Distortions, When Is Critique Appropriate? Conclusions: Science in Society? Science and Language/Interaction: Ethnography and Discourse Introduction Critical Foundations Talk and Text Ethnography: Laboratory Life Inside Out: Externalizing Devices Ethnomethodological Imports - Variations on Indexicality and Reflexivity Problems with Ethnography ANT - Actor Network Theory? Conclusions Science and Capitalism: Critical Theory and Critical Realism Introduction: Marx, Marxism and Science Confronting the Ambiguous Legacy of Marxism Reification Dialectic of Enlightenment The Later Frankfurt Scholars: Marcuse and Habermas Marxism, Science and Anti-Science Conclusions: Marxism - Critical and Realist Theory of Science Science and Patriarchy: Women as Subjects/ Objects of Science Introduction Equity Hidden Lives Science, Representation and the Control of Women`s Lives New Feminist Epistemologies Conclusions ART THREE CASE-STUDIES Second Nature: Genetic Modification and Commodification of the Non-Human 133 General Introduction to Sociology and the New Genetics 133 Genetic Modification of the Non-Human 134 Feminist Approaches 134 Marxist Approaches 136 Discursive Accounts 138 Social Interests 139 Combining Social Interests with Discourse Analysis 139 Combining Marxist and Discursive Perspectives 142 Human Nature? Human Behaviour and Genetic Determinism 144 Social Interests 145 Ethnographic and Discursive Approaches 145 Feminist Approaches and Its Links to Other Approaches 147 Marxist Research 150 Medical Genetics and Human Health 156 Social Interests 157 Discourse Analysis 158 Combining Feminist and Ethnographic Approaches 161 Combining a Feminist Standpoint and Discourse-Analytic Research 162 The Fusion of Marxist and Feminist Approaches 164 Marxist Approaches 165 `ART FOUR CONCLUSIONS Reflexive Epistemological Diversi