TY - BOOK AU - Buunk, Abraham P TI - Applying Social Psychology: From Problems to Solutions SN - 9781412902823 U1 - O76 PY - 2008/// CY - London PB - Sage Publications, Inc N1 - includes index and biblioraphy; 1 APPLYING SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 3 Example of the Application of Social Psychological Theories 4 Step 1 - Problem: Formulating a Problem Definition 4 Step 2 - Analysis: Finding Explanations for the Problem 6 Step 3 - Test: Developing and Testing the Process Model 9 Step 4 - Help: Towards an Intervention Programme 13 Other Relevant Decisions 14 Applying Social Psychology: The PATH from Problem to Intervention 14 Step 1 - Problem: From the Problem to a Problem Definition 15 Step 2 - Analysis: From a Problem Definition to Analysis and Explanation 16 Step 3 - Test: From Explanations to a Process Model 18 Step 4 - Help: From a Process Model to Intervention 18 Problems with Applying Theories 19 Oversimplification 19 External Validity 20 Contradictory Evidence 21 Conclusion 21 2 THE PROBLEM PHASE: FROM A PROBLEM TO A PROBLEM DEFINITION 25 Introduction 26 Towards a Problem Definition 27 Reformulating the Problem 29 The Path from a Problem to a Problem Definition 30 Examples of Interviews 31 Key Questions for Problem Definition 36 What is the Problem ? 36 Why is it a Problem? 37 For Whom is it a Problem? 38 What are the Possible Causes of the Problem? 39 What is the Target Group? 40 What are the Key Aspects of the Problem? 41 Research for a Problem Definition 45 Background Materials 46 Completing the Problem Definition 51 3 THE ANALYSIS PHASE: FINDING THEORY-BASED EXPLANATIONS FOR PROBLEMS 55 Introduction 56 Specifying the Outcome Variable 56 Requirements for the Outcome Variable 59 Relevance 59 Specificity 59 Continuity 60 The Divergent Phase: Generating Explanations 61 Free Association 61 Interviews and Observation 63 Social Psychological Theories 67 Theoretical Approaches Under Investigation: The Case of Safe Sex Promotion 70 A Topical Strategy 11 A Conceptual Strategy 72 A General Theory Strategy 74 The Convergent Phase: Reducing the Number of Explanations 76 Getting Rid of Redundant and Irrelevant Explanations 76 Getting Rid of Invalid Explanations 77 Getting Rid of Implausible Explanations 78 4 THE TEST PHASE: DEVELOPING AND TESTING THE PROCESS MODEL 83 Introduction 84 Formulating a Process Model 84 Case Study: Improving Cooperation in a Pharmaceutical Company 85 Case Study: Reducing the Risk ofSTD infection 90 Heuristics for Developing a Process Model 96 Testing the Process Model 97 Doing Your Own Research 99 5 THE HELP PHASE: DEVELOPING THE INTERVENTION 105 Introduction 106 Preparing Intervention Development 107 Modifiability 107 Effect Size 108 The Balance Table 109 Developing the Intervention The Channel The Method The Strategy Building the Intervention Programme Pre-testing the Intervention Implementation of the Intervention The Implementation Process Mapping the Implementation Route The Implementation Plan The Actual Implementation The Evaluation Case Study: The Millennium Campaign I Can Do That Too` ER -