Stress, Appraisal, and Coping

includes index and biblioraphy

The Stress Concept in the Life Sciences A Bit of History Modern Developments The Concept of Stress Summary Cognitive Appraisal Processes Why Is a Concept of Appraisal Necessary? The Place of Cognitive Appraisal in Stress Theory Basic Forms of Cognitive Appraisal Research on Cognitive Appraisal Cognitive Appraisal and Phenomenology The Concept of Vulnerability The Issue of Depth Summary Person Factors Influencing Appraisal Commitments Beliefs Summary Situation Factors Influencing Appraisal Novelty Predictability Event Uncertainty 87 Temporal Factors 92 Ambiguity 103 The Timing of Stressful Events in Relation to the Life Cycle 108 A Comment on the Selection and Treatment of Variables 114 Summary 115 The Concept of Coping Traditional Approaches Coping Traits and Styles Limitations and Defects of Traditional Approaches Summary The Coping Process: An Alternative to Traditional Formulations Definition of Coping Coping as a Process Stages in the Coping Process The Multiple Functions of Coping Coping Resources Constraints Against Utilizing Coping Resources Control as Appraisal; Control as Coping Coping Over the Life Course Prospects for the Study of Coping Styles Summary Appraisal, Coping, and Adaptational Outcomes 181 Social Functioning 183 Morale 194 Somatic Health 205 Concluding Comments 221 Summary 223 The Individual and Society 226 Three Perspectives 226 Stress, Coping, and Adaptation in the Individual 234 Social Change 251 Summary 258 Cognitive Theories of Emotion 261 Early Cognitive Formulations 262 The Fundamental Tasks of a Cognitive Theory of Emotion 265 Attribution Theory 271 The Relationship Between Cognition and Emotion 273 Emotion and the Problem of Reductionism 278 Summary 284 Methodological Issues 286 Levels of Analysis 286 Traditional Research and Thought 291 Transaction and Process 293 The Design of Transactional, Process-oriented Research 299 The Measurement of Key Concepts 306 Summary 325 Treatment and Stress Management 334 Approaches to Treatment 334 How Treatment Works 343 Therapy from the Perspective of Our Stress and Coping Theory 353 Stress Management Versus One-on-Cme Therapy 361 Summary 374