Folk and Tribal Art in India

includes index and biblioraphy

1. Introduction ...1 Madhubani painting ...5 Thanka painting ...5 Patachitra painting ...5 Kalamkari painting ...5 Warli Painting ...6 Gond painting ...6 Batik painting ...6 Minitature painting ...6 Santhal art ...7 Phad art ...7 Yantra ...7 Chittara ...7 Tools used ....11 Colour Scheme ...11 Impact of Hindu religion and mythology in India folk arts ...12 Hindu God/Godness in branding ...12 Forms and symbols in madhubani paintings ...13 Wedding Paintings ...14 History of art timeline ?(2,500,000 BCE Present) ...18 The evolution of visual art ...18 Prehistory ...18 Art of clasical antiquity ...19 The period of the dark ages ...21 The European revival ...21 Flanders and holland (1430-1580) ...24 Germany (1450-1550) ...24 The age of modern art ...29 The age of postmodernist art ...34 Painting, Sculpture, architecture ...36 Origins of art in India ...37 Sculpture in India ...37 Schools of painting ...38 Madhubani ...39 Mughal ...39 Rajput ...39 Mysore ...40 Bengal ...40 Archieture ...40 Arts and Crafts ...41 2. Folk art ...42 Characteristics ...42 Antique folk art ...43 Contemporary folk art ...44 Indian folk arts: Evolution and diversity ...44 Madhubani art ...45 Warli art ...46 Tanjore art ...47 Gond art ...49 3. Surviving tribal art forms ...58 Mandala / Gond art ...59 Chakku Dan ...59 4. Indian tribal art forms ...78 Influence on modernism ...79 Warli Painting ...79 The art of warli painting ...80 Warli painting materials ...82 In Contemporaary culture ...82 Bhil art ...84 Dharmaraj ...86 Features of tribal art of India ...88 The aesthetics of tribal art ...90 Warli att ...93 Madia/ Muria art ...97 Pardesan Mata ...98 Nandiya dev ...98 Waghya dev ...99 Bhairam dev astride on elephant ...99 Saora art ...100 Conclusion ...104 5. Madhubani Mithila paining ...105 Styles ...107 Mithila painting : A Brief history ...108 Mithila Paintings: Past, present and future ...112 Background ...115 Discussion ...118 Conclusion ...131 6. Technique of warli paintings ...133 Dev cauk (Chowk) ...135 Langa Cauk ...136 Kanna ...136 Muthi ...137 Tarpa ...137 7. Tribal / Folk aarts and culture in West bengal, Orrissa, Jharkhand, Chhatisgrah and Bihar ...139 Scroll Painting ...140 Chhou mask ...140 Wooden work ...141 Bamboo Works ...141 Pottery ...141 Weaving ...141 Ornament ...142 Weapon ...142 Rituallistic offerings ...142 Stone carving ...142 Mental work ...142 Jhumar and other popular folk dances of Jharkhand ...143 Paika dance ...143 Chhau dance ...144 Phagua dance ...144 The Jadupatuas of the Santhal tribe ...146 Santhal belief and tradition ...147 Jadupatuas and Santhal Connection ...147 Traditional paintings description ...147 Why where the folk painters called Jadupatuas ...148 8. Kalamkari - The ancient Indian art ...153 History ...154 The styles of Kalamkari Paintings ...154 Use of Kalamkari in trade ...155 Different names associated with Kalamkari ...155 Technique ...156 Colors of Kalamkari ...157 Type of Kalamkari ...157 9. Thanjavur painting ...159 Thanjavur Nayakas ...161 Tanjore and Mysore paintings ...162 Tanjore paintings in company style ...163 Modern times ...165 10. Pattachitra painting ...166 Odisha Pattachitra ...168 Origin and history ...169 Theme and style ...170 Technique ...171 Palm leaf pattachitra ...174 Geographical indication of pattachitra ...174 11. Rajasthani Miniature painting ...175 The jain influence ...175 Rajput Paintings ...176 Materials used ...176 Kishangarh province ...176 Marwar miniature paintings ...177 Bundi Paintings ...177 Kotah miniatures ...177 Schools ...178 Kangra painting ...179 Themes ...181 Features of Kangra Painting ...182 12. Kalamezhutu ...184 Building art around faith ...185 Items ...187 Kalamezhuthupattu ...189 13. Warli tribe and their tribal art ...190 14. Indian rock art - Prehistoric paintings of the pachmarhi hills ...205